1. Describe normal variations of skeletal anatomy that may be noted during a child's growth and development,
2. Explain the natural history of common causes of intoeing, genu varum and genu valgum,
3. Distinguish patients with rotational and angular lower limb abnormalities that require investigation and treatment,
4. List the components of normal gait,
5. Describe the normal development of gait in childhood,
6. Recognize or describe commonly-encountered disturbances of gait seen in childhood and explain their significance,
7. Demonstrate an organized and structured approach to the diagnosis of a limping child,
8. Diagnose commonly encountered childhood limps and identify less common etiologies that require urgent management.
9. Recognize and assess a patient presenting with a spinal deformity,
10. Categorize the risk of (idiopathic) scoliotic curve progression as high or low based upon history, physical and imaging information,
11. Differentiate common infant foot deformities and explain their significance.

References

Read:Evaluation of the Acutely Limping Child (AFP, v.16, 2000)

Lawrence, P., Essentials of Surgical Specialties, 3rd edition p. 259-267 and 279-284