Infection may occur at the exit site, inside the catheter or along the track through which it is tunneled. The main causes include contamination of the hub or injection site cap, contamination from percutaneous entry, or systemic sepsis. Peripheral IV catheters are most often associated with Staphylococci epidermidis, Stephylococcus aureus, and candida infections. Infectious complications can be significantly reduced by hand washing, wearing gloves, site preparation with iodine, and monitoring site for signs of infection. If local signs of infection are present, the PICC must be removed.